Exposure to so-called “forever chemicals” – PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) – is now widespread, and scientists have linked them to potential health risks like infertility and cancer. A recent BBC Panorama investigation revealed that virtually everyone has some level of these persistent pollutants in their bloodstream.
The Ubiquity of PFAS
For decades, PFAS have been used in countless products, from waterproof clothing and non-stick cookware to electronics and medical equipment. Their persistence means they don’t break down easily, instead accumulating in the environment, our homes, water, and food. While any level above 2ng per millilitre of blood is considered risky, most people already exceed that threshold.
How PFAS Affect Our Health
Exposure to PFAS doesn’t just raise theoretical risks; it can actively impact health. Studies show links to thyroid problems, kidney and liver cancer, and reduced fertility. Pregnant people unknowingly pass these chemicals to their children, raising concerns about long-term effects on developing bodies. Reducing exposure isn’t necessarily about reaching zero, but about mitigating harm over time.
Practical Steps to Reduce Exposure
Experts suggest several strategies to lower PFAS levels:
- Dietary changes: Increasing fibre intake – through oats, barley, beans, nuts, and seeds – may help eliminate PFAS from the body. Menstruation also aids in reducing levels.
- Household replacements: Swap non-stick cookware for ceramic, stainless steel, or cast iron. Use water filters to reduce PFAS in tap water.
- Product awareness: Avoid products labelled “waterproof” or “stain-resistant” unless they explicitly state “PFAS-free”. Check ingredient lists for “fluoro” or “PTFE”.
- Home maintenance: Vacuum carpets daily and ventilate rooms to reduce PFAS dust buildup. Replace scratched non-stick pans.
Industry and Regulatory Responses
The European Commission is considering a total ban on PFAS chemicals, while the UK government is still evaluating options. The Chemical Industries Association argues for phased transitions, citing the lack of immediate safer alternatives. However, some manufacturers, like Mountain Warehouse, are already withdrawing older products containing PFAS, though not all labelling is transparent.
Food and Pesticide Contamination
Our greatest exposure comes from food, including fish, meat, eggs, fruits, and even wine. Pesticides containing PFAS can linger on produce, ensuring they stick even after rain. The chemicals accumulate as concentrated ingredients are processed, such as grapes in wine bottles.
PFAS are embedded in modern life, making complete avoidance impossible. The convenience and durability they provide come at a cost we’re only beginning to understand. Reducing exposure is a small comfort, but the reality is these chemicals are now part of our internal environment.
